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En general la entrada de los documentos en un centro se efectúa por medio de dos etapas sucesivas: la selección y adquisición. La selección, como su nombre lo indica, es elegir la documentación que debe incorporarse y la adquisición va a depender de las políticas de la institución en relación al presupuesto, los recursos y los servicios prestados. Por tanto, la selección y adquisición es la primera etapa que encamina la constitución de los fondos documentales. Otra fase en el proceso técnico documental es el tratamiento técnico que reciben los documentos para que puedan ser utilizados. Este tratamiento se divide en análisis de forma y análisis de contenido. El análisis de forma de un documento también se conoce como descripción bibliográfica o catalogación, mientras que el análisis de contenido abarca la clasificación, el resumen y la indización. 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