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El alelo S pone una banda de color blanco alrededor de la mitad del animal. Que se denomina cinturón holandés; el alelo sh produce las manchas tipo Hereford; el color sólido es el resultado del alelo sc; y las manchas del tipo Holstein se deben al alelo s. Los machos con cinturón holandés homocigóticos son cruzados con hembras con manchas tipo Holstein. Las hembras F1 son cruzadas con machos manchados tipo Hereford con genotipo shsc. Prediga las frecuencias genotípicas en la descendencia.  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El árbol genealógico es el diagrama que se confecciona con los miembros de una familia indicando el sexo, la relación con el propósito (caso que origina el estudio) y si están afectados o no. Para esto se utilizan símbolos convencionales que permiten resumir esa información y presentarla en forma clara, y es especialmente útil cuando la familia es grande. La confección adecuada de un árbol genealógico, incorporando todos los antecedentes y su posterior actualización en el tiempo con nuevos estudios, resulta crítico para el asesoramiento genético. El objeto de estudio de la  genética médica es el individuo y su familia, por lo que es de interés el registro tanto de los individuos afectados como los sanos, vivos o muertos. 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Una poblaci´on se define como un conjunto de individuos capaces de reproducirse entre s´ı, que coexisten geogr´afica y temporalmente, y constituyen una unidad evolutiva. El estudio de la gen´etica de poblaciones es muy importante desde el punto de vista sanitario, ya que la mayor´ıa de las enfermedades tienen una componente gen´etica m´as o menos importante. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12351"},["text","Leyes de Mendel"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12352"},["text","http://www.cajondeciencias.com/Descargas%20biologia/LeyesMendel.pdf "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12353"},["text","Los primeros intentos serios de explicar cómo se heredan los caracteres se los debemos a un monje agustino llamado Gregor Mendel, a mediados del siglo XIX. Sin saber nada acerca de la existencia de cromosomas, ácidos nucleicos o genes, Mendel se entregó al estudio de la transmisión de determinados rasgos en plantas de guisante (Pisum sativum), fijándose primero en caracteres sencillos y luego en varios caracteres actuando al mismo tiempo."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12354"},["text","null"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12355"},["text","Cajón de Ciencias "]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"4672"},["name","cruces"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4698"},["name","cuadros de punnett"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4697"},["name","leyes"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4696"},["name","Mendel"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2469","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2391"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/1f96fd7021b98bf89d1646fa94ee600f.pdf"],["authentication","d886ee045e537da9e53bae9419cd331b"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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La evolución es ante todo un proceso de cambio genético en el tiempo, y la genética de poblaciones es la disciplina biológica que suministra los principios teóricos de la evolución. En esta ciencia se parte del supuesto de que los cambios evolutivos a pequeña escala, los que se dan en el seno de las poblaciones de las especies, contienen todos los ingredientes necesarios para explicar toda la evolución, pues la macroevolución, o evolución a gran escala, no sería más que la extrapolación en el espacio y en el tiempo de los procesos básicos que se dan en las poblaciones."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12349"},["text","null"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12350"},["text","Bioinformática"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"4695"},["name","diversidad genética"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4694"},["name","mutación"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3893"},["name","Selección natural"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2468","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2390"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/86a59e24184c55642b435a4ff0b4f190.pdf"],["authentication","75f37c087711dcd592d1537c7b8e6582"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12341"},["text","Genética de poblaciones amazónicas: la historia evolutiva del jaguar, ocelote, delfín rosado, mono lanudo y piurí, reconstruida a partir de sus genes "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12342"},["text","http://www.raco.cat/index.php/abc/article/viewFile/76076/96741"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"12343"},["text","Genética de poblaciones amazónicas: la historia evolutiva del jaguar, ocelote, delfín rosado, mono lanudo y piurí reconstruida a partir de sus genes.— El Amazonas contiene más de la mitad de la biodiversidad a escala mundial. Sin embargo, muchas de las especies que alberga, poseen historias evolutivas totalmente desconocidas. Esto incluye el caso de los mamíferos y de las aves. La genética de poblaciones, mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares, modelos y metodologías matemáticas, puede intentar reconstruir esa historia evolutiva y ofrecer herramientas efectivas para la aplicación de políticas correctas de conservación. Se muestra aquí un resumen de los estudios genético realizados en poblaciones amazónicas de jaguar, ocelote, delfín rosado, mono lanudo y piurí y se proponen algunas recomendaciones para su conservación biológica. En cada especie se observaron particularidades evolutivas propias no compartidas por las otras especies. Este  hecho debe ser recogido por cualquier programa de conservación que pretenda ser efectivo. 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La producción cientifica de los últimos 25 años muestra un incremento en la investigación sobre las enfermedades hereditarias y la constitución genética de las poblaciones así como un desarrollo de la epidemiología genética, la geMtlca médica y la formación de recursos humanos calificados. Estos resultados se atribuyen principalmente a los recientes avances científicos y técnicos en genética y biología molecular, a la actitud generada por los cambios en el perfil dé salud del pafs ya la acción de iniciativas externas como el Proyecto del Genorna Humano. No obstante, su impacto en el sistema de salud todavía no es significativo y falta integración entre los distintos grupos y campos de investigación. Se sugiere la inclusión de un enfoque orientado hacia la genética humana en los planes de salud y de desarrollo del país. 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