["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/items/browse?collection=5&output=omeka-json&page=78","accessDate":"2026-04-08T09:21:36-05:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","78"],["perPage","10"],["totalResults","834"]]],["item",{"itemId":"2164","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2086"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/f9b9c2880958fcc8289722fa10854c71.pdf"],["authentication","1a218095e16ad948a3f73909f59d9f16"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7455"},["text","PEDAGOGÍA"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Text"],["description","A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10821"},["text","Biodiversidad de líquenes en México "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10822"},["text","http://www.ib.unam.mx/m/revista/pdfs/10.-_1443.pdf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10823"},["text","La riqueza de especies de líquenes de México no se conoce con certeza. Se estima, por ejemplo, que sólo en la porción tropical del país puede haber 3 600 especies que es la mitad de las calculadas para todo el neotrópico. Si se toma en cuenta que México es también diverso en climas y tipos de vegetación no tropicales, el número de especies de líquenes quizás alcance las 5 000. De ser así, el país ocuparía el segundo lugar en este rubro entre los países neotropicales, después de Brasil (4 900 especies, sólo en sus partes tropicales) y representaría del 18-37% de las especies de líquenes a nivel mundial, que es estimado entre 13 500 y 20 000. Pero el conocimiento de la flora liquenológica de México está todavía lejos de completarse. Se estima que a la fecha hay registro de alrededor del 50% de las especies de líquenes del país. El objetivo es presentar un conteo actualizado de las especies de líquenes conocidas para México. En este trabajo se contabilizaron 2 722 especies y 111 categorías infraespecíficas. Están agrupadas en 2 divisiones, 2 subdivisiones, 6 clases, 21 órdenes, 84 familias y 364 géneros. El 90% de las especies son clorolíquenes y el resto cianolíquenes. La mayoría de ellas tienen forma de crecimiento costrosa (62%), les siguen las foliosas (28%) y las fruticosas (11%). El sustrato más común donde crecen es la corteza de los árboles (46%), seguido por las rocas (34%), hojas (11%) y suelo (10%). El tipo de vegetación con más riqueza de líquenes es el bosque templado (947especies), seguido por el matorral xerófilo (544), el bosque tropical húmedo (391), el bosque estacionalmente seco (386) y el bosque húmedo de montaña (230). Los estados con más especies de líquenes son Baja California (710), Veracruz (700), Sonora (516), Chihuahua (515) y Baja California Sur (511), y aquellos con menos especies son Campeche (17), Aguascalientes (2) y Tabasco (1), pero esto refleja más la disparidad de los estudios liquenológicos entre estados que sus diferencias reales en diversidad de líquenes. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10824"},["text","2014"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10825"},["text","Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México "]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3974"},["name","biodiversidad"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3983"},["name","Líquenes"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3984"},["name","México."]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2163","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2085"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/66e29302abebfc078097a1ece8dcfecd.pdf"],["authentication","9fa22a18edc3ef4eb82201f9e4c1bfa6"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7455"},["text","PEDAGOGÍA"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Text"],["description","A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10816"},["text","Líquen "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10817"},["text","https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquen"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10818"},["text","Los líquenes son organismos que surgen de la  simbiosis entre un hongo llamado micobionte y un alga o cianobacteria llamada ficobionte. Deacuerdo con el carácter de esaasociación,sepueden distinguir numerosos tipos estructurales de líquenes:desde los más simples, donde hongo y alga se unen de forma casual, a los más complejos, donde el micobionte y el ficobionte dan lugar a un talo morfológicamente muy diferente a aquel que forman por separado,ydonde el alga se encuentra formando una capa bajo la     protección del hongo."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10819"},["text","2015"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10820"},["text","Wikipedia, La enciclopedia libre."]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3982"},["name","la simbiosis."]],["tag",{"tagId":"3981"},["name","líquen"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3980"},["name","Taxonomía de un líquen"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2162","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2084"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/f959378bebec433e7c47d8c811d62a95.pdf"],["authentication","8d5757464c000692675bebeb03cc2542"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7455"},["text","PEDAGOGÍA"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Text"],["description","A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10811"},["text","Cinco nuevos registros de loquines marinos para Chile. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10812"},["text","http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-66432005000100004"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10813"},["text","Cinco especies de líquenes marinos son documentadas por primera vez en Chile: Arthopyrenia saxicola Massal., Caloplaca carphinea (Fr.) Jatta, C. thallincola (Wedd.) Du Rietz, Pertusaria rupicola (Fr.) Harm. y Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr. Dichos taxones fueron hallados en la Bahía de Constitución, Chile Central. Para cada taxón, se entrega una descripción  basada en el material estudiado consistente en la morfología externa del talo y las características morfológicas internas de las estructuras reproductoras de cada especie. También se incluyen las reacciones químicas del talo y de algunas estructuras reproductoras, cuando el taxón lo amerita. Además se adjuntan fotografías a color de los talos de las especies estudiadas. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10814"},["text","2005-05-26"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10815"},["text","La biblioteca científica - SciELO Chil"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3977"},["name","Chile Central"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3978"},["name","litoral costero"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3979"},["name","orilla rocosa."]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2161","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2083"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/d1539b3a6a5bb8401e839b10f7ab1293.pdf"],["authentication","0811ae15edd11c6973f3146611d2f2b7"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10791"},["text","Las Algas de México"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10792"},["text","http://www.revistacienciasunam.com/es/34-revistas/indices-revistas-ciencias/128-10-1987.html"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10793"},["text","Las algas son un grupo de organismos con cuyos productos se tiene contactocotidiano, aunque son pocas las personas que tienen conciencia de ellas. Su importancia tanto positiva como negativa es creciente para el hombre en la actualidad. Los usos incluyen desde el consumo como alimentación hasta la obtención de compuestos para la industria. Influyen negativamente tanto en forma directa como indirecta, como agentes de enfermedades y productores de toxinas (ver cuadro 1). Son muchas las algas que son utilizadas como alimento, en el Oriente es parte de la dieta tradicional y en México son utilizadas desde la época prehispánica; el tecuitlatl, el amomoxtli y el cocolin de los aztecas están compuestos principalmente por cianofitas que crecían y aún crecen en el Lago de Texcoco y otros lagos de la cuenca de México. Actualmente la producción mundial de algas para la alimentación es cada vez mayor, tanto de especies marinas como de agua dulce, y en México la producción de harina seca obtenida de Spirulina pletensis del Lago de Texcoco alcanzó en 1982 la cantidad de 1000 toneladas métricas."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10794"},["text","2015"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10795"},["text","Revista de cultura científica FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3970"},["name","Importancia de las algas"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3971"},["name","que son y como son las algas."]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2157","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2079"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/c15ac8f0017d53466a66be6097b3c53f.pdf"],["authentication","fc70243913b31a642821f2ba15d98342"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10781"},["text","Guía Materiales de Laboratorio "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10782"},["text","http://biblioteca.duoc.cl/bdigital/Documentos_Digitales/600/610/39593.pdf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10783"},["text","El trabajo de laboratorio, sea éste clínico, de investigación, de biología molecular, de patología, u otro tipo requiere del uso de una gran cantidad de materiales de diversos tipos: material volumétrico, instrumentos de análisis, equipos para centrifugación, equipos de calor y frío, etc. El conocimiento de estos materiales es fundamental al momento de desempeñar funciones al interior del laboratorio, tanto para los profesionales como para el personal auxiliar que colabora. Sin embargo, muchas veces estos materiales pueden ser usados en otras áreas clínicas (ejemplo placas de Petri, tubos de ensayo, unidades refrigerantes, estufas, refrigeradores, centrifugas, campanas, etc.) y por lo tanto es importante comprender su uso y cuidados en general. 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