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Así como las células son los ladrillos con los que se construyen los tejidos y los organismos, las moléculas son los bloques con que se construyen las células. Al estudiar químicamente estas moléculas observamos que las mismas están constituidas en un 98% por elementos tales como C, H, O, N, P y S; ( el 2 % restante está representado por elementos como el Fe, Ca , Na, K, Cu, Mg, I, Cl. Etc.)  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En esta definición, la palabra variación se refiere a variación genética; esto significa, el rango de posibles valores para un rasgo cuando es influenciado por la herencia. La herencia es la transmisión de rasgos de los padres a la descendencia vía el material genético. Esta transmisión toma lugar en el momento de la fertilización en la reproducción, cuando un espermatozoide de toro se une con el óvulo de la vaca para producir un ternero con una composición genética única. Solamente mellizos idénticos poseen la composición genética idéntica debido a que ellos descienden  de un solo óvulo fertilizado que ha sido separado en dos embriones durante la primera fase del desarrollo. 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En 1828 Friederich Wöhler sintetizó la urea a partir de cianato de amonio: "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10564"},["text","null"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10565"},["text","Bioquímica Médica 1"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3856"},["name","Elementos biogenéticos"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3857"},["name","tabla periódica"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2111","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2033"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/d7bdf5467811d061be077f81ac5d2e21.pdf"],["authentication","fbac8597df51ac63a48431053fd0350a"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7455"},["text","PEDAGOGÍA"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Text"],["description","A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10556"},["text","El catabolismo "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10557"},["text","http://www.bionova.org.es/biocast/documentos/tema16.pdf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10558"},["text","Entre los distintos tipos de biomoléculas orgánicas que forman parte de las células vivas hay que distinguir por un lado a las proteínas y los ácidos nucleicos, cuya misión fundamental es el almacenamiento, transmisión y expresión de la información genética (\"biomoléculas informativas\"), y por otro a los glúcidos y lípidos (\"biomoléculas energéticas\") cuya principal misión es la de proporcionar energía para los distintos procesos celulares y que por lo tanto están llamados a ser los grandes protagonistas del catabolismo. De todos modos, dado que las células se encuentran en un continuo proceso de renovación de sus componentes moleculares, el catabolismo comprende rutas que permiten llevar a cabo la degradación de todas y cada una de las biomoléculas. En este capítulo analizaremos las distintas rutas catabólicas con especial incidencia en aquellas responsables de la degradación de glúcidos y lípidos, por ser éstas las que más frecuentemente utilizan las células.  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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10546"},["text","La base química de la vida: Bioelementos y biomoléculas. El agua y las sales minerales."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10547"},["text","https://ilexaquifolium.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/b2-ud1.pdf ("]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10548"},["text","Los componentes materiales del Universo se combinan entre sí formando ordenaciones y complejos de grado superior entre los que destacan unos sistemas, especialísimos porque compiten por adquirir sustancias de sus alrededores, porque son capaces de formar sistemas semejantes a sí mismos, y porque en condiciones de carencia de alimento externo, llegan al equilibrio químico y pierden sus funciones elementales. Son las unidades de la vida: los seres vivos."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10549"},["text","2015"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10550"},["text","Complementos para la clase de ciencias. "]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3149"},["name","Bioelementos"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3832"},["name","Biomoléculas"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3850"},["name","Sales minerales"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2108","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2030"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/e7cdd792693e182df859d5ee8905a713.pdf"],["authentication","c052cfc582ed99fcbc252f6e252bd6ac"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7455"},["text","PEDAGOGÍA"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Text"],["description","A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10541"},["text","La base de la vida: Elementos de la materia"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10542"},["text","http://cienciasfera.com/materiales/biologiageologia/biologia/tema02/index.html"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10543"},["text","Los elementos químicos que forman parte de los seres vivos se llaman bioelementos. Pueden clasificarse, atendiendo a la proporción en la que aparecen en la materia viva."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10544"},["text","2012-12-28"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10545"},["text","Cienciasfera"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3149"},["name","Bioelementos"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3184"},["name","La materia"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3849"},["name","sales minerales."]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2107","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2029"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/d0120fc98499f410a19cba59babf5691.pdf"],["authentication","a8094ab37e3e21675e0bb1daeee54253"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7455"},["text","PEDAGOGÍA"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Text"],["description","A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10536"},["text","Biología y ciencias del hombre"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10537"},["text","http://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/art_revistas/pr.847/pr.847.pdf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10538"},["text","Aun cuando hace años que E. Cassirer afirmaba que el pensamiento biológico ha dado su verdadero carácter a la filosofía antropológica, ha perdurado la tendencia a separar el conocimiento biológico del hombre de las disciplines antropológicas, bajo nuevas formas de dualismo. Desde el siglo v antes de nuestra era, en que Alcmeón (de Crotona) demostraba experimentalmente que el cerebro era el Órgano del pensamiento, ha sido necesario llegar a bien entrado el siglo xx para que la psico-fisiología diera una base científica y una irradiación didáctica a los conocimientos fundamentales sobre el psiquismo humano y se comprendiera el proceso genético del comportamiento y del pensamiento a través del funcionalismo cerebral. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10539"},["text","1964"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10540"},["text","Memoria Académica, el repositorio institucional de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata,"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3848"},["name","filosofía antropológica."]],["tag",{"tagId":"3847"},["name","Pensamiento biológico"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2106","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2028"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/ed5c90784134d59f8f15f8797cede031.pdf"],["authentication","082542998b1b0cc73a88462cc14d92ed"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7455"},["text","PEDAGOGÍA"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Text"],["description","A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10531"},["text","Unidad 1"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10532"},["text","https://ancab.wikispaces.com/file/view/BIOLOG%C3%8DA%20U1.pdf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10533"},["text","¡Los seres vivos no poseemos ningún elemento químico que sea exclusivo. A los elementos químicos que forman parte de los organismos vivos los denominamos bioelementos (bios, significa vida) y biomoléculas a las moléculas que constituyen la materia viva. Muchas de nuestras moléculas son comunes en la corteza terrestre (el agua, el cabonato cálcico, el CO2,...) pero otras no tanto, su origen es claramente biológico (una proteína, por ejemplo, no la encontramos en algo que no esté vivo). "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10534"},["text","null"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10535"},["text","ancab"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3845"},["name","Biomoléculas inorgánicas"]],["tag",{"tagId":"3846"},["name","biomoléculas orgánicas."]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2105","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2027"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/b507d0a995a8409c56c644c884681121.pdf"],["authentication","b4dc609b6b4bf7d1df2a08fc696dae14"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"7455"},["text","PEDAGOGÍA"]]]]]]]],["itemType",{"itemTypeId":"1"},["name","Text"],["description","A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text."]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10526"},["text","Nivel atómico; Bioelementos. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10527"},["text","null"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10528"},["text","Se puede determinar, aplicando técnicas convencionales de análisis químico a muestras de distintas procedencias, la composición elemental de la materia viva, es decir, qué elementos químicos forman parte de la materia viva y en qué proporciones se encuentran. Con pequeñas variaciones dependientes de la procedencia de la muestra, esta composición es la que se refleja, junto con la de la corteza terrestre, en la tabla 2.1. Los valores que aparecen en dicha tabla expresan el porcentaje de cada elemento sobre el número total de átomos. Entre éstos elementos químicos, denominados bioelementos, se distinguen dos tipos: a) Bioelementos primarios.- Bajo esta denominación se agrupan los que forman parte de todos o de alguno de los tipos principales de biomoléculas orgánicas: azúcares, lípidos, proteínas y ácidos nucleicos (Tabla 2.2). Son el carbono, el hidrógeno, el oxígeno, el nitrógeno, y en menor proporción el fósforo y el azufre. Los cuatro primeros representan más del 99% del total de átomos presentes en la materia viva.    "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10529"},["text","null"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"10530"},["text","Curso de Biología "]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"3844"},["name","tabla periódica."]],["tag",{"tagId":"3843"},["name","Tipos de bioelementos"]]]]]