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Un primer grupo llamado Ciencias Básicas (Anatomía, Fisiología, Bioquímica, …), un segundo grupo, el de la Medicina Clínica (Medicina Interna, Pediatría, Neumología,...) y el grupo de la Medicina Comunitaria (Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública) (1). La medicina, o enfoque, clínico se centra en los problemas de salud y enfermedad a nivel individual mientras que la medicina comunitaria se centra en dichos problemas a nivel de una población o comunidad determinada, a través de la Epidemiología, por ello en este caso hablamos de enfoque epidemiológico. La Epidemiología es la ciencia, o disciplina científica, fundamental o básica en el área de conocimiento de la Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública1 (lo que hemos llamado anteriormente medicina comunitaria). "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11918"},["text","Palabras básicas en la epidemiología. 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Se han propuesto varias definiciones de la epidemiología, la más sencilla de las cuales es la siguiente: la epidemiología es el estudio de la aparición de enfermedades y de otras características relacionadas con la salud en poblaciones humanas y animales. Los epidemiólogos estudian la frecuencia de las enfermedades y la variación de dicha frecuencia en distintos grupos de personas; es decir, estudian la relación causa-efecto entre exposición y enfermedad. 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Hay quienes remontan sus orígenes a Hipócrates, y quienes consideran que ya las civilizaciones orientales tenían conocimientos de epidemiología. Sin embargo, su desarrollo como disciplina, con bases teóricas y procedimientos sistemáticos de estudio, recién se consolida a mediados del siglo XIX, junto con el nacimiento de las teorías modernas sobre la causalidad de las enfermedades. El hecho no es casual, pues coincide con cambios demográficos y sociales que facilitaron la extensión de muchas enfermedades, como el cólera, la peste, las enfermedades respiratorias y las enfermedades carenciales, y por ende la oportunidad de estudiar mejor los fenómenos epidémicos. A pesar de este desarrollo, el concepto de epidemiología aún sigue discutiéndose. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11896"},["text","Epidemiología"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11897"},["text","http://sistemas.fcm.uncu.edu.ar/enf-epidemiologia/Epidemiologia_2011.pdf "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11898"},["text","Clásicamente, la Epidemiología se ocupó del estudio de los factores que causan o están asociados con la enfermedad, así como también del estudio de la prevalencia, incidencia y distribución de las enfermedades que afectan a poblaciones humanas con el objetivo de determinar las formas de prevención y control de estas enfermedades. Una vez identificados los factores determinantes de la generación y desarrollo de la enfermedad o de la conservación del estado de Salud, la Epidemiología puede evaluar las necesidades de atención y recursos para satisfacer dichas necesidades y medir la eficacia de las medidas implementadas."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11899"},["text","2011"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11900"},["text","Ministerio de Salud"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"4459"},["name","Enfermedad"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4435"},["name","Epidemiología"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4470"},["name","procesos de infección."]],["tag",{"tagId":"4372"},["name","salud"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2378","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2300"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/0fe991a7e5efc48df885fa4363e831a2.PDF"],["authentication","631835bb59fd95949ddfd5b5ef0a3b49"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Frente al rígido determinismo y el mecanicismo que predominan en los análisis de las ciencias de la salud debemos considerar la aparente paradoja de que hay determinación en la indeterminación e indeterminación en la determinación. ¿Qué quiere decir esto? Si analizamos un hecho o acontecimiento particular podemos comprobar que es debido a una o varias conexiones casuales (azarosas) de entrecruzamientos o choques entre cadenas causales (necesarias y determinadas)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11889"},["text","null"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11890"},["text","Universidad de Sevilla "]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"4466"},["name","Causa y efectos"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4467"},["name","modelos causales."]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2376","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2298"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/52d98663563c2148394360d266cf4dc1.pdf"],["authentication","6d4199a67a868b85231c449ba89b7ec8"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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Como se ha puesto de manifiesto por reciente estudios, el desarrollo de la biología matemática se dispara en los años 20 a partir de tres aplicaciones distintas, que ocurren en el terreno de la dinámica y la genética de poblaciones y la teoría matemática de las epidemias, respectivamente 2. Noventa años antes, la aplicación del entonces llamado «método numérico» a los registros poblacionales había supuesto una de las bases más sólidas para el desarrollo disciplinar de la Salud Pública 3, posteriormente enriquecido con aportaciones experimentales, físico-químicas y bacteriológicas."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11884"},["text","1996"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11885"},["text","RUA. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11876"},["text","La epidemia de tabaquismo y su control en Latinoamérica "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11877"},["text","http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/spm/v52s2/a03v52s2.pdf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11878"},["text","El tabaquismo es un serio problema de salud, ambiental y económico para los países y constituye un obstáculo para su desarrollo. Los productos del tabaco son los únicos, legalmente vendidos, que matan entre un tercio y la mitad de los consumidores crónicos cuando se usan tal cual lo sugiere el fabricante.1,2 Su uso no sólo enferma y mata a quienes lo consumen, sino también a quienes se exponen al humo del tabaco. "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11879"},["text","2010"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11880"},["text","SciELO México"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"4463"},["name","epidemia."]],["tag",{"tagId":"4452"},["name","tabaco"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"2374","public":"1","featured":"1"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"2296"},["src","https://bvhumanidades.usac.edu.gt/files/original/207d10174fe6728b3aab0a6fe16cc5e8.pdf"],["authentication","f80ab7d68edfecdab87f70f3115c30ee"]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"5"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11871"},["text","Brote supracomunitario de gastroenteritis por salmonella poona en 2010-2011"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"43"},["name","Identifier"],["description","An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11872"},["text","http://revista.isciii.es/bes/article/view/339/362 "]]]],["element",{"elementId":"41"},["name","Description"],["description","An account of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11873"},["text","A finales de diciembre de 2010 se detectó un aumento de casos de Salmonella serotipo Poona, fundamentalmente en menores de un año. Para determinar la magnitud del brote, la fuente de infección, el modo de transmisión y los factores de riesgo relacionados, así como la eficacia de las medidas de control que pudieran implementarse, se inició un estudio coordinado entre las Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA) afectadas, el Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (CNE) y el Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM). Entre el 8 de enero de 2010 y el 12 de julio de 2011 se declararon al CNE 289 casos de Salmonella Poona (285 confirmados y 4 probables), el 83% (240/289) menores de un año y el 77% (222/289) entre 0 y 6 meses. Los resultados del estudio de casos y controles muestran una fuerte asociación entre el consumo de leche marca A y marca B y el hecho de ser caso [OR: 101 (IC95%: 18,4 - ∞)]. En el análisis apareado de los datos mediante regresión logística condicional ninguna otra exposición resultó asociada a la enfermedad."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"38"},["name","Coverage"],["description","The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11874"},["text","2011"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"45"},["name","Publisher"],["description","An entity responsible for making the resource available"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"11875"},["text","Boletín Epidemiológico Semanal"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"4459"},["name","Enfermedad"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4462"},["name","epidemias."]],["tag",{"tagId":"4461"},["name","plagas"]],["tag",{"tagId":"4460"},["name","salmonela"]]]]]